Law of CRIMES by RATANLAL & DHIRAJLAL (Set of 3 Vols.) – 29th Edition | 2023

Author	RATANLAL & DHIRAJLAL
Publication Date	2023
ISBN	9788177372885
Format	Hard Cover
Publisher	Bharat Law House

Contents of Law of CRIMES by RATANLAL & DHIRAJLAL (Set of 3 Vols.) – 29th Edition 2023

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

Preamble

Title and extent of operation of the Code
Punishment of offences committed within India
Punishment of offences committed beyond, but which by law may be tried within, India
Extension of Code to extra-territorial offences
Certain laws not to be affected by this Act

CHAPTER II

GENERAL EXPLANATIONS

Definitions in the Code to be understood subject to exceptions
Sense of expression once explained
Gender
Number
“Man”, “Woman”
“Person”
“Public”
(Repealed)
“Servant of Government”
(Repealed)
(Repealed)
“Government”
“India”
“Judge”
“Court of Justice”
“Public servant”
“Movable property”
“Wrongful gain”

“Wrongful loss”

“Gaining wrongfully”, “Losing wrongfully”

“Dishonestly”
“Fraudulently”
“Reason to believe”
Property in possession of wife, clerk or servant
“Counterfeit”
“Document”

29A. “Electronic record”

“Valuable security”
“A will”
Words referring to acts include illegal omissions
“Act”, “Omission”
Acts done by several persons in furtherance of common intention
When such an act is criminal by reason of its being done with a criminal knowledge or intention
Effect caused partly by act and partly by omission
Co-operation by doing one of several acts constituting an offence
Persons concerned in criminal act may be guilty of different offences
“Voluntarily”
“Offence”
“Special law”
“Local law”
“Illegal”, “Legally bound to do”
“Injury”
“Life”
“Death”
“Animal”
“Vessel”
“Year”, “Month”
“Section”
“Oath”
“Good faith”

52A. “Harbour”

CHAPTER III

OF PUNISHMENTS

“Punishments”

53A. Construction of reference to transportation

Commutation of sentence of death
Commutation of sentence of imprisonment for life

55A. Definition of “appropriate Government”

(Repealed)
Fractions of terms of punishment
(Repealed)
(Repealed)
Sentence may be (in certain cases of imprisonment) wholly or partly rigorous or simple
(Repealed)
(Repealed)
Amount of fine
Sentence of imprisonment for non-payment of fine

65 Limit to imprisonment for non-payment of fine, when imprisonment and fine awardable

Description of imprisonment for non-payment of fine
Imprisonment for non-payment of fine, when offence punishable with fine only
Imprisonment to terminate on payment of fine
Termination of imprisonment on payment of proportional part of fine
Fine leviable within six years or during imprisonment. Death not to discharge property from liability
Limit of punishment of offence made-up of several offences
Punishment of person guilty of one of several offences, the judgment stating that it is doubtful of which
Solitary confinement
Limit of solitary confinement
Enhanced punishment for certain offences under Chapter XII or Chapter XVII after previous conviction

CHAPTER IV

GENERAL EXCEPTIONS

Act done by a person bound, or by mistake of fact believing himself bound, by law
Act of Judge when acting judicially
Act done pursuant to the judgment or order of Court
Act done by a person justified, or by mistake of fact believing himself justified by law
Accident in doing a lawful act
Act likely to cause harm, but done without criminal intent, and to prevent other harm
Act of a child under seven years of age
Act of a child above seven and under twelve of immature understanding
Act of a person of unsound mind
Act of a person incapable of judgment by reason of intoxication caused against his will
Offence requiring a particular intent or knowledge committed by one who is intoxicated
Act not intended and not known to be likely to cause death or grievous hurt, done by consent
Act not intended to cause death, done by consent in good faith for person’s benefit
Act done in good faith for benefit of child or insane person, by or by consent of guardian
Consent known to be given under fear or misconception

Consent of insane person

Consent of child

Exclusion of acts which are offences independently of harm caused
Act done in good faith for benefit of a person without consent
Communication made in good faith
Act to which a person is compelled by threats
Act causing slight harm

Of the right of private defence

Things done in private defence
Right of private defence of the body and of property
Right of private defence against the act of a person of unsound mind, etc.
Acts against which there is no right of private defence

Extent to which the right may be exercised

When the right of private defence of the body extends to causing death
When such right extends to causing any harm other than death
Commencement and continuance of the right of private defence of the body
When the right of private defence of property extends to causing death
When such right extends to causing any harm other than death
Commencement and continuance of the right of private defence of property
Right of private defence against deadly assault when there is risk of harm to innocent person

CHAPTER V

OF ABETMENT

Abetment of a thing
Abettor

108A. Abetment in India of offences outside India

Punishment of abetment if the act abetted is committed in consequence and where no express provision is made for its punishment
Punishment of abetment if person abetted does act with different intention from that of abettor
Liability of abettor when one act abetted and different act done
Abettor when liable to cumulative punishment for act abetted and for act done
Liability of abettor for an effect caused by the act abetted different from that intended by the abettor
Abettor present when offence is committed
Abetment of offence punishable with death or imprisonment for life—if offence not committed

if act causing harm be done in consequence

Abetment of offence punishable with imprisonment—if offence be not committed

if abettor or person abetted be a public servant whose duty it is to prevent offence

Abetting commission of offence by the public or by more than ten persons
Concealing design to commit offence punishable with death or imprisonment for life

if offence be committed — if offence be not committed

Public servant concealing design to commit offence which it is his duty to prevent

if offence be committed

if offence be punishable with death, etc.

if offence be not committed

Concealing design to commit offence punishable with imprisonment

if offence be committed — if offence be not committed

CHAPTER VA

CRIMINAL CONSPIRACY

120A. Definition of criminal conspiracy

120B. Punishment of criminal conspiracy

CHAPTER VI

OF OFFENCES AGAINST THE STATE

Waging or attempting to wage war or abetting waging of war, against the Government of India

121A. Conspiracy to commit offences punishable by section 121

Collecting arms, etc., with intention of waging war against the Government of India
Concealing with intent to facilitate design to wage war
Assaulting President, Government, etc., with intent to compel or restrain the exercise of any lawful power

124A. Sedition

Waging war against any Asiatic Power in alliance with the Government of India
Committing depredation on territories of power at peace with the Government of India
Receiving property taken by war or depredation mentioned in sections 125 and 126
Public servant voluntarily allowing prisoner of State or war to escape
Public servant negligently suffering such prisoner to escape
Aiding escape of, rescuing or harbouring such prisoner

CHAPTER VII

OF OFFENCES RELATING TO THE ARMY,

NAVY AND AIR FORCE

Abetting mutiny, or attempting to seduce a soldier, sailor or airman from his duty
Abetment of mutiny if mutiny is committed in consequence thereof
Abetment of assault by soldier, sailor or airman on his superior officer, when in execution of his office
Abetment of such assault, if the assault is committed
Abetment of desertion of soldier, sailor or airman
Harbouring deserter
Deserter concealed on board merchant vessel through negligence of master
Abetment of act of insubordination by solider, sailor or airman

138A. (Repealed)

Persons subject to certain Acts
Wearing garb or carrying token used by soldier, sailor or airman

CHAPTER VIII

OF OFFENCES AGAINST THE PUBLIC TRANQUILLITY

Unlawful assembly
Being member of unlawful assembly
Punishment
Joining unlawful assembly armed with deadly weapon
Joining or continuing in unlawful assembly, knowing it has been commanded to disperse
Rioting
Punishment for rioting
Rioting, armed with deadly weapon
Every member of unlawful assembly guilty of offence committed in prosecution of common object
Hiring, or conniving at hiring, to persons to join unlawful assembly
Knowingly joining or continuing in assembly of five or more persons after it has been commanded to disperse
Assaulting or obstructing public servant when suppressing riot, etc.
Wantonly giving provocation with intent to cause riot

If rioting be committed

If not committed

153A. Promoting enmity between different groups on grounds of religion, race, place of birth, residence, language, etc., and doing acts prejudicial to maintenance of harmony

Offence committed in place of worship, etc.

153AA. Punishment for knowingly carrying arms in any procession or organising, or holding or taking part in any mass drill or mass training with arms

153B. Imputations, assertions prejudicial to national integration

Owner or occupier of land on which an unlawful assembly is held
Liability of person for whose benefit riot is committed
Liability of agent of owner or occupier for whose benefit riot is committed
Harbouring persons hired for an unlawful assembly
Being hired to take part in an unlawful assembly or riot

or to go armed

Affray
Punishment for committing affray

CHAPTER IX

OF OFFENCES BY OR RELATING TO PUBLIC SERVANTS

Public servant taking gratification other than legal remuneration in respect of an official act (Omitted)
Taking gratification, in order, by corrupt or illegal means, to influence public servant (Omitted)
Taking gratification, for exercise of personal influence with public servant (Omitted)
Punishment for abetment by public servant of offences defined in section 162 or 163 (Omitted)
Public servant obtaining valuable thing, without consideration, from person concerned in proceeding or business transacted by such public servant (Omitted)

165A. Punishment for abetment of offences defined in section 161 or section 165 (Omitted)

Public servant, disobeying law, with intent to cause injury to any person

166A.Public servant disobeying direction under law

166B. Punishment for non-treatment of victim

Public servant framing an incorrect document with intent to cause injury
Public servant unlawfully engaging in trade
Public servant unlawfully buying or bidding for property
Personating a public servant
Wearing garb or carrying token used by public servant with fraudulent intent

CHAPTER IXA

OF OFFENCES RELATING TO ELECTIONS

171A. “Candidate”, “Electoral right” defined

171B. Bribery

171C. Undue influence at elections

171D. Personation at elections

171E. Punishment for bribery

171F. Punishment for undue influence or personation at an election

171G. False statement in connection with an election

171H. Illegal payments in connection with an election

171-I. Failure to keep election accounts

CHAPTER X

OF CONTEMPTS OF THE LAWFUL AUTHORITY OF

PUBLIC SERVANTS

Absconding to avoid service of summons or other proceeding
Preventing service of summons or other proceeding or preventing publication thereof
Non-attendance in obedience to an order from public servant

174A. Non-appearance in response to a proclamation under section 82 of Act 2 of 1974

Omission to produce document to public servant by person legally bound to produce it
Omission to give notice or information to public servant by person legally bound to give it
Furnishing false information
Refusing oath or affirmation when duly required by public servant to make it
Refusing to answer public servant authorized to question
Refusing to sign statement
False statement on oath or affirmation to public servant or person authorized to administer an oath or affirmation
False information, with intent to cause public servant to use his lawful power to the injury of another person
Resistance to the taking of property by the lawful authority of a public servant
Obstructing sale of property offered for sale by authority of public servant
Illegal purchase or bid for property offered for sale by authority of public servant
Obstructing public servant in discharge of public functions
Omission to assist public servant when bound by law to give assistance
Disobedience to order duly promulgated by public servant
Threat of injury to public servant
Threat of injury to induce person to refrain from applying for protection to public servant

CHAPTER XI

OF FALSE EVIDENCE AND OFFENCES AGAINST

PUBLIC JUSTICE

Giving false evidence
Fabricating false evidence
Punishment for false evidence
Giving or fabricating false evidence with intent to procure conviction of capital offence

if innocent person be thereby convicted and executed

Giving or fabricating false evidence with intent to procure conviction of offence punishable with imprisonment for life or imprisonment

195A. Threatening any person to give false evidence

Using evidence known to be false
Issuing or signing false certificate
Using as true a certificate known to be false
False statement made in declaration which is by law receivable as evidence
Using as true such declaration knowing it to be false
Causing disappearance of evidence of offence, or giving false information to screen offender

if a capital offence

if punishable with imprisonment for life

if punishable with less than ten years imprisonment

Intentional omission to give information of offence by person bound to inform
Giving false information respecting an offence committed
Destruction of document or electronic record to prevent its production as evidence
False personation for purpose of act or proceeding in suit or prosecution
Fraudulent removal or concealment of property to prevent its seizure as forfeited or in execution
Fraudulent claim to property to prevent its seizure as forfeited or in execution
Fraudulently suffering decree for sum not due
Dishonestly making false claim in Court
Fraudulently obtaining decree for sum not due
False charge of offence made with intent to injure
Harbouring offender

if a capital offence

if punishable with imprisonment for life, or with imprisonment

Taking gift, etc., to screen an offender from punishment

if a capital offence

if punishable with imprisonment for life, or with imprisonment

Offering gift or restoration of property in consideration of screening offender

if a capital offence

if punishable with imprisonment for life, or with imprisonment

Taking gift to help to recover stolen property, etc.
Harbouring offender who has escaped from custody or whose apprehension has been ordered

if a capital offence

if punishable with imprisonment for life, or with imprisonment

216A. Penalty for harbouring robbers or dacoits

216B. (Repealed)

Public servant disobeying direction of law with intent to save person from punishment or property from forfeiture
Public servant framing incorrect record or writing with intent to save person from punishment or property from forfeiture
Public servant in judicial proceeding corruptly making report, etc., contrary to law
Commitment for trial or confinement by person having authority who knows that he is acting contrary to law
Intentional omission to apprehend on the part of public servant bound to apprehend
Intentional omission to apprehend on the part of public servant bound to apprehend person under sentence or lawfully committed
Escape from confinement or custody negligently suffered by public servant
Resistance or obstruction by a person to his lawful apprehension
Resistance or obstruction to lawful apprehension of another person

225A. Omission to apprehend, or sufferance of escape, on part of public servant, in cases not otherwise provided for

225B. Resistance or obstruction to lawful apprehension, or escape or rescue, in cases not otherwise provided for

(Repealed)
Violation of condition of remission of punishment
Intentional insult or interruption to public servant sitting in judicial proceeding

228A. Disclosure of identity of the victim of certain offences, etc.

Personation of a juror or assessor

229A. Failure by person released on bail or bond to appear in Court

“Coin” defined

Indian coin

Counterfeiting coin
Counterfeiting Indian coin
Making or selling instrument for counterfeiting coin
Making or selling instrument for counterfeiting Indian coin
Possession of instrument or material for the purpose of using the same for counterfeiting coin

if Indian coin

Abetting in India the counterfeiting out of India of coin
Import or export of counterfeit coin
Import or export of counterfeits of the Indian coin
Delivery of coin, possessed with knowledge that it is counterfeit
Delivery of Indian coin, possessed with knowledge that it is counterfeit
Delivery of coin as genuine, which, when first possessed, the deliverer did not know to be counterfeit
Possession of counterfeit coin by person who knew it to be counterfeit when he became possessed thereof
Possession of Indian coin by person who knew it to be counterfeit when he became possessed thereof
Person employed in mint causing coin to be of different weight or composition from that fixed by law
Unlawfully taking coining instrument from mint
Fraudulently or dishonestly diminishing weight or altering composition of coin

Criminal Law

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